Vinod Kumar
Introduction
A common question (Is court practice mandatory for Judiciary Examination in India) among law graduates preparing for the Judicial Services Examination is whether prior court practice is mandatory. With various High Courts and Public Service Commissions conducting exams under different eligibility norms, the confusion is understandable. Moreover, the recent Supreme Court judgment in All India Judges’ Association v. Union of India (2025) has brought fresh attention to the administrative expectations from judicial officers.
This article provides a clear, well-researched overview of the current legal framework surrounding this issue, including state-wise rules, judicial pronouncements, and practical recommendations for aspirants.
Eligibility for Judicial Services Examination
The Judicial Services Examination, also known as the Civil Judge (Junior Division) exam or Provincial Civil Services – Judicial (PCS-J), is conducted by various states for appointment in the subordinate judiciary.
General Eligibility Criteria:
Degree in Law (LL.B.) from a recognized university.
Indian citizenship.
Age limit: 21 to 35 years (varies by state and category).
In most states, practice as an advocate is not a mandatory requirement.
State-Wise Position on Court Practice Requirement
While many states permit fresh law graduates to sit for the examination without any courtroom experience, a few prefer or require prior practice.
| State | Practice Required? | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Uttar Pradesh | No | Fresh graduates eligible |
| Delhi | No | Law degree sufficient |
| Rajasthan | No | No court practice required |
| Madhya Pradesh | No | Practice not mandatory but experience preferred |
| Jharkhand | Yes (sometimes) | 3 years’ practice required in specific years |
| Gujarat | Yes (for specific posts) | Experience required for special cadre |
It is advisable to check the latest notification for each state as rules may change depending on recruitment policy.
Supreme Court View: All India Judges’ Association Case (2025)
In All India Judges’ Association v. Union of India [W.P. (C) No. 643 of 2015], decided on 16 May 2025, the Supreme Court examined the role and regularization of Court Managers. Though the case was not directly about eligibility criteria for judicial exams, it provided insightful observations on the expected administrative capabilities of judicial officers.
Key Highlights:
The Court acknowledged the importance of structured recruitment but did not impose court practice as a mandatory condition for judges.
It reiterated that States are empowered to set their own rules for judicial recruitment.
It emphasized practical training post-selection to ensure newly appointed judges are equipped for their role.
Hence, while the Supreme Court supports strengthening the judicial system through better training and administration, it does not require mandatory prior court practice to sit for judicial exams unless prescribed by the relevant state authority.
Advantages of Court Practice for Judiciary Aspirants
Although court practice is not legally mandatory in most cases, it certainly adds practical value during preparation and in the role of a judge. Here’s why:
Understanding real courtroom dynamics improves interpretation of procedural laws.
Better answer writing in mains exams due to clarity of application.
Confidence in interviews with real-life examples and familiarity with legal practice.
Improved legal drafting and judgment writing skills, which are vital for judicial officers.
Engaging in even a short period of practice or court observation helps aspirants relate their legal studies to actual litigation processes.
Suggested Strategy for Aspirants
Check State Notification Carefully: Each state has different eligibility norms. Stay updated.
Enroll with the Bar Council: Even if you don’t plan to practice, enrollment helps build a formal legal profile.
Attend Court Proceedings: Observing court functioning will enhance your procedural understanding.
Join Coaching/Study Circles: Structured guidance improves chances of success.
Stay Updated with Legal Developments: Reading recent judgments sharpens legal reasoning.
Conclusion
In conclusion, court practice is not mandatory for the Judicial Services Examination in most states in India. However, acquiring courtroom exposure is highly beneficial for aspirants aiming for judicial posts. It helps bridge the gap between theoretical law and judicial function, ensuring readiness for the responsibilities that come with wearing the robe.
Judiciary aspirants should focus on consistent study, clarity of law, and ethical reasoning. Whether you choose to practice before appearing or not, your dedication and discipline will determine your success.
About the Author
Advocate Vinod Kumar is a Supreme Court lawyer and founder of LegalMate Law Firm, India’s most trusted legal platform. With extensive experience in judicial training, bail matters, and corporate litigation, he mentors law graduates for successful careers in the judiciary.
📍 Website: www.legalmateindia.com/lawfirm
📞 Contact: +91 8934042222
